At the earliest stages of the disease, the signs of Cushing’s Syndrome are very easy to misdiagnose as the normal signs of aging. The symptoms of CD develop slowly, it can take as long as a year for the symptoms to become noticeable. Early signs of Cushing’s Disease often include drinking more water, peeing more, and weakening back legs.Feb 9, 2021 · The Cushing Triad (Cushing's Triad or Cushing’s Reflex) is characterized by: Hypertension. Bradycardia. Irregular respirations – primarily Cheyne-Stokes breathing. This often signals impending ... español >. Cushing syndrome (also sometimes called Cushing's syndrome) is a disorder with physical and mental changes that result from having too much cortisol in the blood for a long period of time. There are two types of Cushing syndrome: exogenous (caused by factors outside the body) and endogenous (caused by factors within the body).Read on to discover the basics of Cushing’s Disease in Dachshunds, including what warning signs you should be looking for, how it is diagnosed, and what you can do to help your Dachshund manage the condition after a diagnosis. The first thing to know is that the two primary causes of Cushing’s Disease affect cortisol levels in dogs.If you take a corticosteroid, know the signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome. Getting treated early can help prevent any long-term effects of Cushing syndrome. If you use inhaled steroids, you can decrease your exposure to the steroids by using a spacer and by rinsing your mouth after breathing in the steroids.Dogs in treatment often go on to live another 2–4 years and often die due to age-related causes instead of Cushing’s disease. A few things can cause Cushing’s disease in dogs, such as a tumor (usually benign) on the pituitary gland, a tumor on one of the adrenal glands, or long-term steroid use. The first cause is the most common.Hyperadrenocorticism, or Cushing’s disease, is a hormonal disorder where the body produces excess levels of cortisol. It’s most often caused by a tumor on the pituitary gland or the adrenal gland. It results in a variety of symptoms that may seem unconnected at first. One of the more distinctive signs is a pot-bellied appearance. The early clinical signs of Cushing’s disease are often overlooked or simply put down to ‘old age’. These include the development of a pot belly and loss of topline over the back - both associated with reduced muscle mass and strength. Other signs develop as the disease progresses, including an excessively long hair coat ... The signs and symptoms of increased ICP include: ... but things like confusion and behavior changes are common early signs of increasing intracranial pressure. ... Cushing’s Triad is a term used ...Harvey Williams Cushing, (born April 8, 1869, Cleveland—died Oct. 7, 1939, New Haven, Conn., U.S.), American surgeon who was the leading neurosurgeon of the early 20th century. Cushing graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1895 and then studied for four years at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, under William Stewart Halsted. Symptoms of Cushing’s Disease. Often owners report that their first clue that something might have been wrong was their dog wanting to go out at night to urinate. The disease causes extreme ...Mar 1, 2023 · To help you spot any signs and symptoms of cushing’s disease in your dog, we’ve broken them down into two categories. Early Symptoms of Cushing’s Disease in Dogs. Increased appetite. We know that in people, excessive cortisol levels stimulate their appetite and lead to weight gain. The same appears to be true for dogs. Symptoms of Cushing’s Disease in Dogs. Cushing’s Disease causes an excess of cortisol, the stress hormone. Too much cortisol causes changes within the skin, so it becomes paper thin with blackheads (comedones) and no fur. It also causes excessive panting, excessive thirst, and a ravenous appetite. You might notice that your dog has become a ...Cushing syndrome: In this condition, the cancer cells make ACTH, a hormone that causes the adrenal glands to make cortisol. This can lead to symptoms such as weight gain, easy bruising, weakness, drowsiness, and fluid retention. Cushing syndrome can also cause high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, or even diabetes.There are a variety of symptoms that can appear in a dog with Cushing’s disease. Here are some of the most common signs of Cushing’s disease in dogs: Drinking more water. Increased urination. Increased appetite.Jun 29, 2015 · Aggression, increased pursuance of food and water, exercise intolerance, lethargy, and difficulty moving around in their day-to-day environments (navigating stairs, going up onto elevated surfaces, etc.) are some of the behavior changes commonly seen in dogs afflicted by Cushing’s disease. Image: Ljiljana Jankovic / Shutterstock. The Cushing reflex is a physiological nervous system response to acute elevations of intracranial pressure (ICP), resulting in the Cushing triad of widened pulse pressure (increasing systolic, decreasing diastolic) bradycardia, and irregular respirations. In the first stage of the Cushing reflex, blood pressure and heart rate rise in response ...Feb 9, 2021 · The Cushing Triad (Cushing's Triad or Cushing’s Reflex) is characterized by: Hypertension. Bradycardia. Irregular respirations – primarily Cheyne-Stokes breathing. This often signals impending ... Cushing’s triad of signs includes hypertension, bradycardia and apnea. Dr. Harvey Cushing introduced blood pressure measurement as a method of monitoring patient status during neurosurgical procedures. Cushing recognized that the body’s initial response to rising intracranial pressure is a rise in systolic blood pressure.Dec 30, 2022 · Early stages of Cushing's disease. The most common early signs of Cushing's disease include: Increased appetite due to high cortisol levels. Dogs seem to be constantly ravenous, even stealing food from the garbage and constantly begging for treats. Increased water consumption from high levels of cortisol. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The nurse caring for a client following a craniotomy monitors for signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which indicates an early sign of increased ICP?, The nurse is monitoring a client who sustained a head injury and suspects that the client has a skull fracture. This conclusion is based on which findings? Select all ...Initial Screening: First-Line Biochemical Tests In healthy individuals, the level of serum cortisol reaches a peak in the morning (7-9 am) and reach the lowest level between bedtime and 2 am. One of the first signs of Cushing syndrome, is the loss of this diurnal variation. Adrenal Tumor Treatment in Cushing's Syndrome. When an animal sees the veterinarian for a potential clinical problem, an initial database is collected in the form of a blood panel and urinalysis, and possibly a urine culture. There are some tip offs to Cushing's syndrome that may be noted and added to the list of observed symptoms as evidence.Cushing’s triad, consisting of bradycardia, irregular respirations, and widened pulse pressures, is the body ’s response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It usually indicates a severe lack of oxygen in the brain tissue. The Cushing reflex and subsequent triad are the body ’s final attempts to oxygenate the brain and prevent ... If you take a corticosteroid, know the signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome. Getting treated early can help prevent any long-term effects of Cushing syndrome. If you use inhaled steroids, you can decrease your exposure to the steroids by using a spacer and by rinsing your mouth after breathing in the steroids.A nurse is assessing a client who is admitted to the hospital with a tentative diagnosis of a pituitary tumor. What signs of Cushing syndrome does the nurse identify? Question options: Retention of sodium and water. Hypotension and a rapid thready pulse. Increased fatty deposition in the extremities. Hypoglycemic episodes in the early morning. Sep 1, 2000 · Transphenoidal removal of the tumor is the treatment of choice for Cushing's disease. 29 – 31 Cure is likely if the patient develops hypocortisolism in the first few days to weeks after surgery ... 3. ~ After thyroidectomy the nurse assesses the client for signs of hypocalcemia and tetany. Early signs include tingling around the mouth and in the fingertips, muscle twitching or spasms, palpitations or arrhythmias, and Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs. Bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, and absence of Chvostek's sign are not signs of hypocalcemia. Aug 10, 2023 · This review focuses on the problems introduced into the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome by the obesity epidemic and on ways to alter the traditional approach, using ... Jun 15, 2021 · The cause of your dog's Cushing's disease as well as the conditions your pup develops that are linked to the disease are going to impact your pet's prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for limiting the severity of the disease. The symptoms of Cushing’s disease can be minimized with diligent observation and long-term management. Cushing’s disease is a chronic condition that necessitates long term care and monitoring tests. Familiarity with the symptoms enables dog parents to recognize the early warning signs and seek prompt treatment. With appropriate care, dogs with Cushing’s disease can lead long and happy lives.Initial Screening: First-Line Biochemical Tests In healthy individuals, the level of serum cortisol reaches a peak in the morning (7-9 am) and reach the lowest level between bedtime and 2 am. One of the first signs of Cushing syndrome, is the loss of this diurnal variation. The symptoms of Cushing’s disease in dogs are similar to some of the side effects human patients experience when taking steroids. Symptoms of Cushing’s disease in dogs may include: Restlessness, which may include senior dog anxiety at night. Panting. Possible behavior changes.Nov 22, 2011 · Cushing’s triad of signs includes hypertension, bradycardia and apnea. Dr. Harvey Cushing introduced blood pressure measurement as a method of monitoring patient status during neurosurgical procedures. Cushing recognized that the body’s initial response to rising intracranial pressure is a rise in systolic blood pressure. Hyperadrenocorticism, or Cushing’s disease, is a hormonal disorder where the body produces excess levels of cortisol. It’s most often caused by a tumor on the pituitary gland or the adrenal gland. It results in a variety of symptoms that may seem unconnected at first. One of the more distinctive signs is a pot-bellied appearance.A swollen sheath in stallions and geldings – in summer most often the vets will tell you it is a bug bite, but it can be one of the earliest signs of Cushing’s. Edema along the midline in a mare or sometimes a swollen udder. The beginning “cresty neck” – always a giveaway that the endocrine system is off balance and needs support.She didn’t do Cushing’s despite the other vet saying she suspected it. This vet said if my dog had Cushing’s, she would be drinking whole bowls of water a day and her urine would be diluted and she’d be having accidents. BUT she did say she has an elevated liver enzyme that is associated with Cushing’s. What symptoms did your dog have?It is beneficial for horse owners to watch for any signs of Cushing’s Disease, especially if they have an older horse, so that it may be diagnosed in the early stages. Early identification can make the disease easier to manage and increase the quality of life of the Cushing’s horse. Below is a list of early signs: Increased lethargyCushing’s Disease has been known for a very long time. Dr. Harvey Cushing first took note of its peculiar symptoms in a young woman he was treating in 1912. Veterinarians and physicians still call it Cushing’s Disease because its scientific name, hyperadrenocorticism, is such a tongue-twister to pronounce.Sep 1, 2023 · Symptom 1: Rapid Weight Gain. One of the initial and most evident signs of Cushing’s syndrome is a sudden and unexplained increase in weight. What’s peculiar about this weight gain is its distribution. We’re not talking about a few extra pounds here and there. Individuals with Cushing’s syndrome often find the weight accumulating ... Dogs in treatment often go on to live another 2–4 years and often die due to age-related causes instead of Cushing’s disease. A few things can cause Cushing’s disease in dogs, such as a tumor (usually benign) on the pituitary gland, a tumor on one of the adrenal glands, or long-term steroid use. The first cause is the most common.As with most veterinary health conditions, early detection, diagnosis, and treatments (like Vetoryl) are incredibly important. Here are some early warning signs to look out for. 1. Increased Thirst and Urination. The onset of Cushing’s disease can be a long, slow process. One of the first signs of this disease is excessive thirst and urination.Cushing's disease typically occurs in middle-aged to older dogs. The disease develops slowly and the early signs are not always noticed. Symptoms in dogs include. increased thirst;A Combination of all listed Cushing’s Symptoms in Dogs: If a dog exhibits multiple major warning signs of Cushing’s, there is a very high chance that the dog has Canine Cushings Disease. Increased Cortisol Levels: The most reliable indicator of Cushing’s in dogs symptoms is increased cortisol levels. This is the most direct analysis and ...Most patients have a single adenoma. First described in 1912 by neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, MD, in his book The Pituitary Body and Its Disorders, Cushing’s disease is the most common cause of spontaneous Cushing’s syndrome, accounting for 60-70 percent of all cases. Ectopic ACTH SyndromeThe classical signs of Cushing’s Disease in horses (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction/PPID) of poor topline, sagging belly and long curly coat that fails to shed are only evident fairly late in the condition. If your horse is in the teens there are changes you need to know which could be linked to early PPID.3. ~ After thyroidectomy the nurse assesses the client for signs of hypocalcemia and tetany. Early signs include tingling around the mouth and in the fingertips, muscle twitching or spasms, palpitations or arrhythmias, and Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs. Bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, and absence of Chvostek's sign are not signs of hypocalcemia. This review focuses on the problems introduced into the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome by the obesity epidemic and on ways to alter the traditional approach, using ...3. ~ After thyroidectomy the nurse assesses the client for signs of hypocalcemia and tetany. Early signs include tingling around the mouth and in the fingertips, muscle twitching or spasms, palpitations or arrhythmias, and Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs. Bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, and absence of Chvostek's sign are not signs of hypocalcemia.Sep 1, 2000 · Transphenoidal removal of the tumor is the treatment of choice for Cushing's disease. 29 – 31 Cure is likely if the patient develops hypocortisolism in the first few days to weeks after surgery ... Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a classical rare disease: it is often suspected in patients who do not have the disease; at the same time, it takes a mean of 3 years to diagnose CS in affected individuals. The main reason is the extreme rarity (1–3/million/year) in combination with the lack of a single lead symptom. CS has to be suspected when a combination of signs and symptoms is present, which ...Cushing’s Syndrome Symptoms. Your case might be different than someone else's, but when the disease is full-blown, common symptoms are: A rounded, rosy face. Weight gain, especially in the upper ...Sep 1, 2023 · Symptom 1: Rapid Weight Gain. One of the initial and most evident signs of Cushing’s syndrome is a sudden and unexplained increase in weight. What’s peculiar about this weight gain is its distribution. We’re not talking about a few extra pounds here and there. Individuals with Cushing’s syndrome often find the weight accumulating ... Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a classical rare disease: it is often suspected in patients who do not have the disease; at the same time, it takes a mean of 3 years to diagnose CS in affected individuals. The main reason is the extreme rarity (1–3/million/year) in combination with the lack of a single lead symptom. CS has to be suspected when a combination of signs and symptoms is present, which ... Cushing’s disease, also called hyperadrenocorticism, is a condition caused by having too much cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone found in all mammals that’s responsible for helping the body deal with stress, control blood pressure, and metabolize sugar. When a cat, dog, or human has Cushing’s disease, the excess cortisol in their body then ...Background For the prehospital diagnosis of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), clinicians are reliant on clinical signs such as the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), pupillary response and/or Cushing’s triad (hypertension, bradycardia and an irregular breathing pattern). This study aimed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of these signs as indicators of a raised ICP. Methods We performed a ...Cushing’s triad, consisting of bradycardia, irregular respirations, and widened pulse pressures, is the body ’s response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It usually indicates a severe lack of oxygen in the brain tissue. The Cushing reflex and subsequent triad are the body ’s final attempts to oxygenate the brain and prevent ...Initial Screening: First-Line Biochemical Tests In healthy individuals, the level of serum cortisol reaches a peak in the morning (7-9 am) and reach the lowest level between bedtime and 2 am. One of the first signs of Cushing syndrome, is the loss of this diurnal variation.Symptoms of Cushing’s Disease in Dogs. Cushing’s Disease causes an excess of cortisol, the stress hormone. Too much cortisol causes changes within the skin, so it becomes paper thin with blackheads (comedones) and no fur. It also causes excessive panting, excessive thirst, and a ravenous appetite. You might notice that your dog has become a ...Apr 7, 2023 · The most common symptoms of this condition are: weight gain. fatty deposits, especially in the midsection, the face (causing a round, moon-shaped face), and between the shoulders and the upper back (sometimes ... purple stretch marks on the breasts, arms, abdomen, and thighs. thinning skin that ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The nurse caring for a client following a craniotomy monitors for signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which indicates an early sign of increased ICP?, The nurse is monitoring a client who sustained a head injury and suspects that the client has a skull fracture. This conclusion is based on which findings? Select all ...Cushing disease is a rare disorder characterized by increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production from the anterior pituitary, leading to excess cortisol release from the adrenal glands.[1] Most often, this caused by a pituitary adenoma or as the result of excess production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus. Symptoms include generalized weakness, high ...Most patients have a single adenoma. First described in 1912 by neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, MD, in his book The Pituitary Body and Its Disorders, Cushing’s disease is the most common cause of spontaneous Cushing’s syndrome, accounting for 60-70 percent of all cases. Ectopic ACTH SyndromeSymptoms of Cushing’s Disease in Dogs. Cushing’s Disease causes an excess of cortisol, the stress hormone. Too much cortisol causes changes within the skin, so it becomes paper thin with blackheads (comedones) and no fur. It also causes excessive panting, excessive thirst, and a ravenous appetite. You might notice that your dog has become a ...Common symptoms of Cushing syndrome. Weight gain in the trunk, with thin arms and legs. Weight gain in the face. This is sometimes called moon face. A fatty lump between the shoulders. This may be referred to as a buffalo hump. Pink or purple stretch marks on the stomach, hips, thighs, breasts and ...Cushing's disease (also known as Cushing’s syndrome) is a condition in which the adrenal glands overproduce certain hormones. The medical term for this disease is hyperadrenocorticism. Literally translated, “hyper” means over-active, “adreno” means adrenal gland, and “corticism” refers to the outer part (cortex) of the adrenal gland. Jan 23, 2021 · Symptoms. An abnormally high level of stress hormones in the bloodstream cause what are known as the classic signs of Cushing’s in horses: a potbellied appearance coupled with muscle wasting; a long, shaggy hair coat that doesn’t shed out in the spring; and increased thirst and subsequent urination. Harvey Williams Cushing, (born April 8, 1869, Cleveland—died Oct. 7, 1939, New Haven, Conn., U.S.), American surgeon who was the leading neurosurgeon of the early 20th century. Cushing graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1895 and then studied for four years at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, under William Stewart Halsted. Dogs in treatment often go on to live another 2–4 years and often die due to age-related causes instead of Cushing’s disease. A few things can cause Cushing’s disease in dogs, such as a tumor (usually benign) on the pituitary gland, a tumor on one of the adrenal glands, or long-term steroid use. The first cause is the most common.Symptoms of Cushing’s Disease in Dogs. Cushing’s Disease causes an excess of cortisol, the stress hormone. Too much cortisol causes changes within the skin, so it becomes paper thin with blackheads (comedones) and no fur. It also causes excessive panting, excessive thirst, and a ravenous appetite. You might notice that your dog has become a ...The most common symptoms of this condition are: weight gain. fatty deposits, especially in the midsection, the face (causing a round, moon-shaped face), and between the shoulders and the upper back (sometimes ... purple stretch marks on the breasts, arms, abdomen, and thighs. thinning skin that ...Cushing triad is a clinical syndrome consisting of hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiration and is a sign of impending brain herniation. This occurs when the ICP is too high the elevation of blood pressure is a reflex mechanism to maintain CPP. High blood pressure causes reflex bradycardia and brain stem compromise affecting ...español >. Cushing syndrome (also sometimes called Cushing's syndrome) is a disorder with physical and mental changes that result from having too much cortisol in the blood for a long period of time. There are two types of Cushing syndrome: exogenous (caused by factors outside the body) and endogenous (caused by factors within the body).Dec 8, 2022 · In most cases, Cushing's disease begins as subtle changes in behaviour and appearance. The most obvious sign is the lack of a topline. The hair coat may be thin or coarse, and there may be evidence of delayed shedding. Horses with Cushing's disease are usually lethargic. Their appetite and energy levels decrease. First Signs of Cushing’s Disease in Horses Once a horse displays the shaggy hair coat characteristic of PPID, the disease has already progressed. Therefore, owners should become familiar with the early signs since the sooner a horse is diagnosed and treatment started, the better its chances of responding to medication and management, thereby ...Cushing’s Disease has been known for a very long time. Dr. Harvey Cushing first took note of its peculiar symptoms in a young woman he was treating in 1912. Veterinarians and physicians still call it Cushing’s Disease because its scientific name, hyperadrenocorticism, is such a tongue-twister to pronounce.Cushing’s disease also known as Cushing’s syndrome. Cushing’s disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands overproduce certain hormones. The medical term for this disease is hyperadrenocorticism. Literally translated, “hyper” means overactive, “Adreno” means adrenal gland, and “corticism” refers to the outer part of the ... The cause of your dog's Cushing's disease as well as the conditions your pup develops that are linked to the disease are going to impact your pet's prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for limiting the severity of the disease. The symptoms of Cushing’s disease can be minimized with diligent observation and long-term management.
Classic symptoms of PPID (Cushing’s Disease) in horses. While there are many clinical signs and symptoms of PPID, abnormal hair coat and laminitis are the two most well known. Both of these symptoms can occur at all stages of the disease but tend to be subtle earlier on and increase in severity as the disease progresses.. Take away everything in the containerlast chance to order amazon customer returns pallets online m
Cushing’s disease – or hyperadenocorticism – is a condition where the dog’s body produces too much of the hormone ‘cortisol’ Signs your dog may have Cushing’s include drinking lots and urinating frequently, hair loss, weight gain, panting, changes to the skin’s appearance and abdominal swelling – but these can be signs of lots of other health conditions too and many healthy ...Jun 7, 2023 · Common symptoms of Cushing syndrome. Weight gain in the trunk, with thin arms and legs. Weight gain in the face. This is sometimes called moon face. A fatty lump between the shoulders. This may be referred to as a buffalo hump. Pink or purple stretch marks on the stomach, hips, thighs, breasts and ... Cushing’s disease also known as Cushing’s syndrome. Cushing’s disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands overproduce certain hormones. The medical term for this disease is hyperadrenocorticism. Literally translated, “hyper” means overactive, “Adreno” means adrenal gland, and “corticism” refers to the outer part of the ...Dec 30, 2022 · Early stages of Cushing's disease. The most common early signs of Cushing's disease include: Increased appetite due to high cortisol levels. Dogs seem to be constantly ravenous, even stealing food from the garbage and constantly begging for treats. Increased water consumption from high levels of cortisol. A. Vasodilation. B. Necrotic tissue edema. D. Edema from initial brain insult. An early sign of increased ICP that the nurse should assess for is. A. Cushing's Triad. B. Unexpected vomiting. C. Decreased LOC. D. Dilated pupil with sluggish response to light. C. Decreased LOC.10 Telltale Signs of Cushing’s Disease. Trouble shedding winter coat. Hair may become long, matted and curly. Lots of drinking and urination. Increased sweating. Heightened appetite. Potbelly appearance. Fat deposits above the eyes, crest of neck and tail head. Poor topline.The classical signs of Cushing’s Disease in horses (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction/PPID) of poor topline, sagging belly and long curly coat that fails to shed are only evident fairly late in the condition. If your horse is in the teens there are changes you need to know which could be linked to early PPID.Steroid treatment is effective for these conditions, but can cause symptoms and signs of Cushing syndrome as a side effect of such treatment. Cushing syndrome can also be due to endogenous causes; approximately 70% of Cushing syndrome is the result of Cushing disease.Alopecia is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease that causes a sudden loss of hair. The scalp, beard, eyelashes, eyebrows, and body can all be affected. To develop alopecia, an individual must have both a family history, and some type of environmental trigger. The most common presentation involves bald patches on the scalp or beard. In most cases, Cushing’s disease is caused by an excess of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Cushing’s disease can be subtle at first, but there are some telltale signs that something is wrong. Here are five things to watch for: Weight gain: One of the earliest signs of Cushing’s disease in dogs is weight gain.Most patients have a single adenoma. First described in 1912 by neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, MD, in his book The Pituitary Body and Its Disorders, Cushing’s disease is the most common cause of spontaneous Cushing’s syndrome, accounting for 60-70 percent of all cases. Ectopic ACTH SyndromeSymptoms of Cushing's Disease in Horses. Cushing’s disease is a progressive disorder. The symptoms may be slow to present but will ultimately progress with time. The most common signs observed in horses with Cushing’s disease/PPID include: Failure to shed winter coat fully, or patchy shedding; Long and/or curly coat; Chronic infections.