Who is penny marshall - AZ Republic Obituary/Getty Penny Marshall was married to her first husband, Michael Henry, in the 1960s. Michael Henry was the first husband of actress and director Penny Marshall. She passed away ...

 
4 of 8 | . FILE - Actors Cindy Williams and Penny Marshall present the legend award on stage at the TV Land Awards on June 8, 2008, in Santa Monica, Calif. Williams, who was among the most recognizable stars in America in the 1970s and 1980s for her role as Shirley opposite Penny Marshall’s Laverne on the beloved sitcom “Laverne & Shirley,” died Wednesday, Jan. 25, 2023, in Los Angeles .... Dandb supply senior discount

On Tuesday, the world learned that longtime actress and director Penny Marshall died at age 75. As one of Hollywood’s top-grossing female filmmakers behind hits like A League of Their Own and ...Aug 4, 2022 · Penny Marshall Biography. Penny Marshall was born in 1943 to Marjorie Irene Masciarelli and Anthony “Tony” Masciarelli. Her birthplace was New York City in the state of New York. She grew up in 3235 Grand Concourse, which is located in the Bronx. Her real name is Penny Archer. She is a very beautiful American actress and social media star. She was born on 30 August 1989, in Vermont, United States. The parents were overjoyed at the birth and invited all their relatives to the feast. Her parents warmly invited all the guests to celebrate Penny Archer’s birth.Dec 18, 2018 · The concierge at Mar a Lago confirms that Penny Marshall was a guest there, without fee, for 357 days in 2011. Her daily regimen included walking, swimming, opiate sessions with Dr. Sanjay Gupta ... Jul 20, 1999 · Marshall also was a producer of ABC's ''Laverne and Shirley,'' which starred his daughter Penny as Laverne and Cindy Williams as Shirley. He retired from television in the early 1980's. Mr ... Master's Wife : Okay that's it, party's over! Get out of my house! Master : Now, pudding face. Master's Wife : Shove it, Satan! Sarah : Ooh. Thou mustn't speak to Master in such a manner. Master : They call me Master. Master's Wife : Wait 'til you see what I'm gonna call you. Now, tart-face, take your Clark bars and get out of my house! Jan 11, 1991 · Awakenings: Directed by Penny Marshall. With Robert De Niro, Robin Williams, Julie Kavner, Ruth Nelson. The victims of an encephalitis epidemic many years ago have been catatonic ever since, but now a new drug offers the prospect of reviving them. Including a new romantic lead for Tom Cruise ’s character, Pete Mitchell, Penny Benjamin, played by Jennifer Connelly. Since the announcement of a sequel for the beloved ‘Top Gun’, released in 1986, many people wonder which actors of the original cast were going to return. Only Cruise and Val Kilmer, as Tom ‘Iceman’ Kazansky, were set ...Peter Marshall (entertainer) Ralph Pierre LaCock (born March 30, 1926), better known by his stage name Peter Marshall, is an American former game show host, television and radio personality, singer, and actor. He was the original host of The Hollywood Squares from 1966 to 1981 and has almost fifty television, movie, and Broadway credits.Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, director and producer. She is known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.Cindy Williams, right, with Penny Marshall in a 1981 episode of “Laverne & Shirley,” one of the country’s highest-rated shows during its eight-year run.Dec 18, 2018 · Penny Marshall had been making minor inroads in Hollywood for several years before the iconic Laverne and Shirley characters debuted as Richie and Fonzie’s double dates on an episode of “Happy ... Jan 20, 2022 · But, she went through the most dreadful period in her 40s after getting pregnant. Penny Marshall has been a famous name in the movie industry since the 1970s. The actress whose role on the hit 1976 sitcom "Laverne and Shirley" catapulted her to prominence, maintained her life of glitz and glamour till her last days. Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, director and producer. She is known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal. Penny Marshall, the nasally, good-natured Bronx native who starred on the ABC ratings sensation 'Laverne & Shirley' before shattering records as a top-grossi... At 75, Penny Marshall passed away on December 17, 2018, in her Hollywood Hills residence from complications related to diabetes and heart disease. She had battled lung Cancer in the past and prevailed, as mentioned on LosAngelesTime. Heart failure, more specifically cardiac arrest, was identified as the cause of her death.Dec 18, 2018 · Penny Marshall had been making minor inroads in Hollywood for several years before the iconic Laverne and Shirley characters debuted as Richie and Fonzie’s double dates on an episode of “Happy ... Williams has died at 75. LOS ANGELES — Cindy Williams, who was among the most recognizable stars in America in the 1970s and 80s for her role as Shirley opposite Penny Marshall’s Laverne on ...Dec 18, 2018 · Penny Marshall, who rose to fame as Laverne in the 1970s sitcom “Laverne and Shirley” and evolved into a powerhouse director, has died at age 75. Marshall died Monday night at her home in Los... Photo: Gary Gershoff/WireImage. Six months after Penny Marshall ’s death, her former assistant is asking for a total of $8.1 million from the late director and sitcom star’s estate. Terry ...Penny Marshall, star of "Laverne & Shirley" and director of "A League of Their Own," died Monday due to complications from diabetes, ABC News has confirmed.She was 75. A rep for the family says ...Penny Marshall Biography – Penny Marshall Wiki. Carole Penny Marshall was an American actress, director and producer. She was born on October 15, 1943 in The Bronx, New York City, United States. Penny Marshall graduated from Walton High School in New York and went on to University of New Mexico where she studied math and psychology.Penny Marshall was born to Marjorie and Tony Marshall in 1943. Her show business career started in Marjorie's dancing school in the basement of their Bronx, New York apartment building. Young Penny, who wanted to run around the neighborhood and do her own thing, grumbled mightily about the mandatory dance lessons.THE ODD COUPLE, Tony Randall, Jack Klugman, Penny Marshall. RELATED: ‘Laverne & Shirley’ Mistakenly Did Not Cast This Famous Actor Those who hadn’t used Head and Shoulders shampoo might have felt compelled to after one of Marshall’s earliest gigs: a commercial alongside Farrah Fawcett that juxtaposed their hairstyles.Actress and director Penny Marshall dead at 75. Star of 'Laverne & Shirley' and director of 'Big' and 'A League of Their Own' died from complications from diabetes. Penny Marshall’s cause of ...Dec 31, 2018 · Penny Marshall's cause of death has been released to the public. The late actress and director's death certificate was issued on Monday, Dec. 31, 2018, as reported by TMZ.According to the official ... "Penny Marshall was a pioneer in television and the big screen who understood humor comes in many forms and some of life's deeper truths require a laugh," he tweeted. "She will be missed."Dec 17, 2018 · Enjoy the best Penny Marshall Quotes at BrainyQuote. Quotations by Penny Marshall, American Actress, Born October 15, 1942. Share with your friends. Jan 31, 2023 · Williams was the optimistic foil to Penny Marshall’s wise-cracking Laverne DeFazio on the iconic sitcom, which starred two 1950s roommates working on the assembly line at Milwaukee’s Shotz ... Dec 31, 2018 · Actress and director Penny Marshall dead at 75. Star of 'Laverne & Shirley' and director of 'Big' and 'A League of Their Own' died from complications from diabetes. Penny Marshall’s cause of ... Carole Penny Marshall [1] (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) [1] was an American actress, director and producer. She is known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal. [2] Penny Marshall, star of "Laverne & Shirley" and director of "A League of Their Own," died Monday due to complications from diabetes, ABC News has confirmed.She was 75. A rep for the family says ...2. Frank Wilton Marshall (born September 13, 1946) is an American film producer and director. He often collaborates with his wife, film producer Kathleen Kennedy, with whom he founded the production company Amblin Entertainment, along with Steven Spielberg. In 1991, he founded, with Kennedy, The Kennedy/Marshall Company, a film production ... Peter Marshall (entertainer) Ralph Pierre LaCock (born March 30, 1926), better known by his stage name Peter Marshall, is an American former game show host, television and radio personality, singer, and actor. He was the original host of The Hollywood Squares from 1966 to 1981 and has almost fifty television, movie, and Broadway credits. Mar 14, 2023 · Penny Marshall's birth name was Carole Penny Marshall, and she was married to Rob Reiner from 1971 to 1981. Rob Marshall was born Robert Doyle Marshall, and his family does not have any known connection to Penny's. In conclusion, Rob Marshall and Penny Marshall may share the same last name and a talent for directing, but they are not related. Aug 15, 2023 · Garry Marshall’s niece, Tracy Reiner, is a well-known actress. She was born to his sister, Penny, when Penny was just 19. She ultimately took her stepdad’s name. Dec 31, 2018 · Actress and director Penny Marshall dead at 75. Star of 'Laverne & Shirley' and director of 'Big' and 'A League of Their Own' died from complications from diabetes. Penny Marshall’s cause of ... Marshall also was a producer of ABC's ''Laverne and Shirley,'' which starred his daughter Penny as Laverne and Cindy Williams as Shirley. He retired from television in the early 1980's. Mr ...Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, director and producer. She is known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.Aug 18, 2023 · Penny Marshall, original name Carole Penny Marscharelli, (born October 15, 1943, New York, New York, U.S.—died December 17, 2018, Los Angeles, California), American actress, comedian, and director, one of the first women to achieve consistent commercial success as a motion picture director. Reiner was born Tracy Henry in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the daughter of actress and director Penny Marshall and Michael Henry. [citation needed] She is filmmaker Garry Marshall 's niece. Her mother was married for 10 years to Rob Reiner, who adopted her and raised her as his own. Her mother was of Italian, [1] English, German, and Scottish descent.1943. Penny Marshall was born Carole Penny Marshall on October 15, 1943 in the Bronx, New York. The Libra was 5' 6 1/2", with brown hair and green eyes. She was the daughter of Marjorie (Ward), a tap dance teacher, and Anthony "Tony" Marshall, an industrial film director. She was the younger sister of filmmakers Garry Marshall and Ronny Hallin.16 Copy quote. Do whatever you can that doesn't compromise your morals. Penny Marshall. Moral, Compromise. 3 Copy quote. Next to sex my favorite thing is laughing - it's part of sex. Make me laugh - I'll love you. Penny Marshall. Sex, Laughter, Love You.Penny Marshall (sister) Tracy Reiner (niece) Garry Kent Marshall (November 13, 1934 – July 19, 2016) [2] was an American screenwriter, film director, producer and actor. Marshall began his career in the 1960s as a writer for The Lucy Show and The Dick Van Dyke Show until he developed the television adaptation of Neil Simon 's play The Odd Couple.Marshall is also the Visitor Professor at City University. She has also written for Times, Guardian, and the Daily Mail. Age Gap between Penny Marshall and Tim Ewart. Penny Marshall was born in November 1965 and is a British Journalist. Penny Marshall’s Husband, Tim Ewart, was born on 6 February 1949. He is a News Royal Editor in ITN News.Penny Marshall’s net worth is approximately $45.0 million. While it’s nowhere near as impressive as some Hollywood celebrities’ net worth, it is only a little less than that of her brother’s. Garry Marshall’s net worth is about $50.0 million, which goes to show that both siblings were almost equally successful in the same career!Williams has died at 75. LOS ANGELES — Cindy Williams, who was among the most recognizable stars in America in the 1970s and 80s for her role as Shirley opposite Penny Marshall’s Laverne on ...Penny Marshall, the nasally, good-natured Bronx native who starred on the ABC ratings sensation 'Laverne & Shirley' before shattering records as a top-grossi... Dec 18, 2018 · Penny Marshall Was a Lesbian Icon, Even If She Wasn’t Gay. Writer, director, and actor Penny Marshall has died at the age of 75. While anyone who has ever enjoyed her work is now suffering a great loss, queer women, in particular, will be missing a longtime ally. Most famous for her 1992 all-star comedy A League of Her Own, Marshall’s take ... Ronny Hallin, Penny Marshall’s Sister: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know. 2. Tracy is Known for Her Roles in ‘When Harry Met Sally…,’ ‘A League of Their Own,’ & ‘Apollo 13’. Tracy has ...1943. Penny Marshall was born Carole Penny Marshall on October 15, 1943 in the Bronx, New York. The Libra was 5' 6 1/2", with brown hair and green eyes. She was the daughter of Marjorie (Ward), a tap dance teacher, and Anthony "Tony" Marshall, an industrial film director. She was the younger sister of filmmakers Garry Marshall and Ronny Hallin.Penny Marshall, who found fame as Laverne in "Laverne & Shirley," died Monday at age 75. Here are 7 facts you should know about her life. Harry Langdon/Archive Photos/Getty ImagesJan 20, 2014 · By PATRICIA SHIPP, NATIONAL ENQUIRER. Jan 20, 2014 @ 13:40PM. Getty Images. IN a gay bombshell, a source says former “Laverne & Shirley” star Penny Marshall plans to come out of the clos­et and declare she’s a lesbian! What’s more, the beloved 70-year-old actress-turned-director will be supported in her announcement by her longtime ... Feb 2, 2022 · Penny Marshall is an American based actress, a voice actress, producer, and director, who is best recognized for being featured as Laverne DeFazio on account of guest appearance made on a sitcom entitled Happy Days, after performing many supporting roles within television. Actress Penny Marshall, best known for playing Laverne DeFazio on "Laverne & Shirley," has died. Her publicist confirmed that she died at her Hollywood Hills home Monday night from...Actress, Motion Picture Director, Film Producer. She rose to fame in the 1970s for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal. Marshall progressed to...Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, director and producer. She is known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.Born Carole Penny Marshall on October 15, 1943, in New York City, Marshall grew up in the Bronx with parents Tony Marshall, a director and producer, and Marjorie Marshall, a dance teacher. Penny's ...Jul 30, 2023 · Penny Marshall was born in 1943 to Marjorie Irene Masciarelli and Anthony “Tony” Masciarelli. Her birthplace was New York City in the state of New York. She grew up in 3235 Grand Concourse, which is located in the Bronx. Her real name is Penny Archer. She is a very beautiful American actress and social media star. She was born on 30 August 1989, in Vermont, United States. The parents were overjoyed at the birth and invited all their relatives to the feast. Her parents warmly invited all the guests to celebrate Penny Archer’s birth.The actress playing Penny in the Top Gun sequel is 51-year-old Jennifer Connelly. After making her on-screen acting debut back in 1984’s Once Upon a Time in America, Jennifer has gone on to have ...Garry Marshall’s niece, Tracy Reiner, is a well-known actress. She was born to his sister, Penny, when Penny was just 19. She ultimately took her stepdad’s name.Penny Marshall was a sly revolutionary. As both a performer and a filmmaker , Marshall, who died Monday at the age of 75 , stood counter to the prevailing wisdom of what women like her were ...2. Frank Wilton Marshall (born September 13, 1946) is an American film producer and director. He often collaborates with his wife, film producer Kathleen Kennedy, with whom he founded the production company Amblin Entertainment, along with Steven Spielberg. In 1991, he founded, with Kennedy, The Kennedy/Marshall Company, a film production ... Penny Marshall, star of "Laverne & Shirley" and director of "A League of Their Own," died Monday due to complications from diabetes, ABC News has confirmed.She was 75. A rep for the family says ...Inside Cindy Williams and Penny Marshall's Relationship Following 'Laverne & Shirley'. The beloved stars of Laverne & Shirley were quick to overcome their differences. They starred on the beloved ...Jan 31, 2023 · In an interview for the Archive of American Television in August 2013, Williams said the two began writing together when Marshall's brother, Garry, cast them as Laverne DeFazio and Shirley Feeney ... Dec 18, 2018 · Carole Penny Marshall, named after actress Carole Lombard, was born Oct. 15, 1943. Her family lived on the Grand Concourse, a major thoroughfare in the Bronx. Her father, Anthony, made industrial ... Dec 18, 2018 · Penny Marshall, Who Died at 75, Broke Barriers as a Female Director: A Look at Her Biggest Hits She and the legendary actor, director and producer were married for 10 years and Reiner adopted... "Penny Marshall was a pioneer in television and the big screen who understood humor comes in many forms and some of life's deeper truths require a laugh," he tweeted. "She will be missed."The actress playing Penny in the Top Gun sequel is 51-year-old Jennifer Connelly. After making her on-screen acting debut back in 1984’s Once Upon a Time in America, Jennifer has gone on to have ...While Penny Marshall and Cindy Williams played best friends on TV, in real life, their friendship fell apart when Williams abruptly left the show during its eighth season. By B. Myint Updated: Jan ...Penny Marshall, the nasally, good-natured Bronx native who starred on the ABC ratings sensation 'Laverne & Shirley' before shattering records as a top-grossi...Penny Marshall, Who Died at 75, Broke Barriers as a Female Director: A Look at Her Biggest Hits She and the legendary actor, director and producer were married for 10 years and Reiner adopted...Actress and director Penny Marshall dead at 75. Star of 'Laverne & Shirley' and director of 'Big' and 'A League of Their Own' died from complications from diabetes. Penny Marshall’s cause of ...Penny Marshall (sister) Tracy Reiner (niece) Garry Kent Marshall (November 13, 1934 – July 19, 2016) [2] was an American screenwriter, film director, producer and actor. Marshall began his career in the 1960s as a writer for The Lucy Show and The Dick Van Dyke Show until he developed the television adaptation of Neil Simon 's play The Odd Couple.Penny Marshall was born on October 15, 1943 in the Bronx, New York city. She was given the name Carole Penny Marshall by her mother, Marjorie, and father, Anthony.Feb 2, 2022 · Penny Marshall is an American based actress, a voice actress, producer, and director, who is best recognized for being featured as Laverne DeFazio on account of guest appearance made on a sitcom entitled Happy Days, after performing many supporting roles within television. Jun 17, 2019 · Photo: Gary Gershoff/WireImage. Six months after Penny Marshall ’s death, her former assistant is asking for a total of $8.1 million from the late director and sitcom star’s estate. Terry ... Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, director and producer. She is known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.Penny Marshall was born Carole Penny Marshall on October 15, 1943 in Manhattan. The Libra was 5' 6 1/2", with brown hair and green eyes. She was the daughter of Marjorie (Ward), a tap dance teacher, and Anthony "Tony" Marshall, an industrial film director.Peter Marshall (entertainer) Ralph Pierre LaCock (born March 30, 1926), better known by his stage name Peter Marshall, is an American former game show host, television and radio personality, singer, and actor. He was the original host of The Hollywood Squares from 1966 to 1981 and has almost fifty television, movie, and Broadway credits. Master's Wife : Okay that's it, party's over! Get out of my house! Master : Now, pudding face. Master's Wife : Shove it, Satan! Sarah : Ooh. Thou mustn't speak to Master in such a manner. Master : They call me Master. Master's Wife : Wait 'til you see what I'm gonna call you. Now, tart-face, take your Clark bars and get out of my house!2. Frank Wilton Marshall (born September 13, 1946) is an American film producer and director. He often collaborates with his wife, film producer Kathleen Kennedy, with whom he founded the production company Amblin Entertainment, along with Steven Spielberg. In 1991, he founded, with Kennedy, The Kennedy/Marshall Company, a film production ...Garry Marshall. Actor: A League of Their Own. Garry Kent Marshall (November 13, 1934 - July 19, 2016) was an American actor and filmmaker. He started his career in the 1960s writing for The Lucy Show and The Dick Van Dyke Show before he developed Neil Simon's 1965 play The Odd Couple for television in 1970. He gained fame for creating Happy Days (1974-1984), Laverne and Shirley (1976-1983 ... Mar 14, 2023 · Penny Marshall's birth name was Carole Penny Marshall, and she was married to Rob Reiner from 1971 to 1981. Rob Marshall was born Robert Doyle Marshall, and his family does not have any known connection to Penny's. In conclusion, Rob Marshall and Penny Marshall may share the same last name and a talent for directing, but they are not related. Dec 18, 2018 · Penny Marshall had a recurring role on the original sitcom as Oscar Madison’s secretary, Myrna. The 2016 episode was a tribute to Garry Marshall following his death at age 81. The concierge at Mar a Lago confirms that Penny Marshall was a guest there, without fee, for 357 days in 2011. Her daily regimen included walking, swimming, opiate sessions with Dr. Sanjay Gupta ...

Penny Marshall loved her brother so much that she set up her final arrangements to ensure she stayed by his side for eternity. According to Marshall’s 2013 will, obtained by The Blast, the .... Supplements for circulation

who is penny marshall

Penny Marshall had been making minor inroads in Hollywood for several years before the iconic Laverne and Shirley characters debuted as Richie and Fonzie’s double dates on an episode of “Happy ...Penny Marshall played Laverne DeFazio, usually wearing an 'L' on her sweater, on TV's Laverne and Shirley. She has also had success as a director (Big, Awakenings) and producer (Cinderella Man, the big-screen Bewitched). Her mother frequently criticized Penny’s appearance, which has been called simultaneously cute and plain. Penny Marshall was born in 1943 to Marjorie Irene Masciarelli and Anthony “Tony” Masciarelli. Her birthplace was New York City in the state of New York. She grew up in 3235 Grand Concourse, which is located in the Bronx.Penny Marshall loved her brother so much that she set up her final arrangements to ensure she stayed by his side for eternity. According to Marshall’s 2013 will, obtained by The Blast, the ...AZ Republic Obituary/Getty Penny Marshall was married to her first husband, Michael Henry, in the 1960s. Michael Henry was the first husband of actress and director Penny Marshall. She passed away ...99+ Photos Penny Marshall was born Carole Penny Marshall on October 15, 1943 in Manhattan. The Libra was 5' 6 1/2", with brown hair and green eyes. She was the daughter of Marjorie (Ward), a tap dance teacher, and Anthony "Tony" Marshall, an industrial film director. She was the younger sister of filmmakers Garry Marshall and Ronny Hallin.Penny is the daughter of a former admiral and she is actually mentioned in Top Gun by Commander Tom "Stinger" Jordan, who is Nick "Goose" Bradshaw (Anthony Edwards) and Bill "Cougar" Cortell's ...Dec 18, 2018 · Penny Marshall broke barriers for women in the male-dominted field of directing. Her vision, her lack of fear, her comedy, her talent, her fierce feminism & empowerment of women, will ALL be missed. Penny Marshall was born in New York City, NY on October 15, 1943. Starred as Laverne DeFazio in the sitcom Laverne & Shirley, then went on to become a director sf such films as Awakenings, A League of Their Own and Big, starring Tom Hanks.Inside Cindy Williams and Penny Marshall's Relationship Following 'Laverne & Shirley'. The beloved stars of Laverne & Shirley were quick to overcome their differences. They starred on the beloved ...Jul 20, 1999 · Marshall also was a producer of ABC's ''Laverne and Shirley,'' which starred his daughter Penny as Laverne and Cindy Williams as Shirley. He retired from television in the early 1980's. Mr ... Including a new romantic lead for Tom Cruise ’s character, Pete Mitchell, Penny Benjamin, played by Jennifer Connelly. Since the announcement of a sequel for the beloved ‘Top Gun’, released in 1986, many people wonder which actors of the original cast were going to return. Only Cruise and Val Kilmer, as Tom ‘Iceman’ Kazansky, were set ...Actress and director Penny Marshall dead at 75. Star of 'Laverne & Shirley' and director of 'Big' and 'A League of Their Own' died from complications from diabetes. Penny Marshall’s cause of ....

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